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Second Anglo-Burmese War
The Second Anglo-Burmese War or the Second Burma War ((ビルマ語:ဒုတိယ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်) (:dṵtḭja̰ ɪ́ɴɡəleɪʔ mjəmà sɪʔ); 5 April 1852 – 20 January 1853) was the second of the three wars fought between the Burmese and British forces during the 19th century, with the outcome of the gradual extinction of Burmese sovereignty and independence.
==Background==
In 1852, Commodore George Lambert was dispatched to Burma by Lord Dalhousie over a number of minor issues related to the Treaty of Yandabo between the countries. The Burmese immediately made concessions including the removal of a governor whom the Company made their casus belli. Lambert, described by Dalhousie in a private letter as the "combustible commodore", eventually provoked a naval confrontation in extremely questionable circumstances by blockading the port of Rangoon and seizing the King Pagan's royal ship and thus started the Second Anglo-Burmese War which ended in the Company annexing the province of Pegu and renaming it Lower Burma.〔(''Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopaedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor'', Volume 1 By Keat Gin Ooi, p. 736 )〕
The nature of the dispute was mis-represented to Parliament, and Parliament played a role in further "suppressing" the facts released to the public, but most of the facts were established by comparative reading of these conflicting accounts in what was originally an anonymous pamphlet, ''How Wars are Got Up In India''; this account by Richard Cobden remains almost the sole contemporaneous evidence as to who actually made the decision to invade and annex Burma.〔(This text went through several "editions" rapidly, with the third edition already in print in 1853 (this was subsequently reprinted in ''The Political Writings of Richard Cobden, vol. 2'') )〕
Richard Cobden made a scathing attack on Dalhousie for despatching a naval commodore to negotiate (gunboat diplomacy) and for raising the initial demand for compensation of £1000 to 100 times that amount, £100,000. He also criticised Dalhousie for choosing Lambert over Colonel Archibald Bogle, the British Commissioner of Tenasserim, who was much more experienced in Burmese social and diplomatic affairs. Dalhousie denied that Lambert was the cause.〔
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